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PHP Calculate Duration of MP3


 

On a website where you upload an mp3 it is often useful to have a class that can analyze this mp3 on the fly, extract some meta data about bitrate, song length, etc.

This was written in PHP5, and will not work on php4 web servers. Using this php class we can analyze an mp3 file and determine if it has a constant bitrate or a variable bitrate (CBR vs VBR), and determine its length, its bitrate (128 is common) and other data stored in the mp3 frame header. For reference http://www.mp3-tech.org/programmer/frame_header.html was used as an mp3 frame spec.

sample usage:
<?php
$f = 'somefile.mp3';
$m = new mp3file($f);
$a = $m->get_metadata();

if ($a['Encoding']=='Unknown')
    echo "?";
else if ($a['Encoding']=='VBR')
    print_r($a);
else if ($a['Encoding']=='CBR')
    print_r($a);
unset($a);
?>


sample output:
Array
(
    [Filesize] => 5108648
    [Encoding] => CBR
    [MPEG version] => 11
    [Layer Description] => 01
    [Protection Bit] => 1
    [Bitrate Index] => 1010
    [Sampling Freq Idx] => 00
    [Padding Bit] => 0
    [Private Bit] => 0
    [Channel Mode] => 01
    [Mode Extension] => 00
    [Copyright] => 0
    [Original Media] => 0
    [Emphasis] => 0
    [Bitrate] => 160
    [Sampling Rate] => 44100
    [Frame Size] => 523
    [Length] => 252
    [Length mm:ss] => 4:12
)


include file:
<?php
/*
php5 class (will not work in php4)
for detecting bitrate and duration of regular mp3 files (not VBR files)
*/

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class mp3file
{
    protected $block;
    protected $blockpos;
    protected $blockmax;
    protected $blocksize;
    protected $fd;
    protected $bitpos;
    protected $mp3data;
    public function __construct($filename)
    {
        $this->powarr  = array(0=>1,1=>2,2=>4,3=>8,4=>16,5=>32,6=>64,7=>128);
        $this->blockmax= 1024;
       
        $this->mp3data = array();
        $this->mp3data['Filesize'] = filesize($filename);

        $this->fd = fopen($filename,'rb');
        $this->prefetchblock();
        $this->readmp3frame();
    }
    public function __destruct()
    {
        fclose($this->fd);
    }
    //-------------------
    public function get_metadata()
    {
        return $this->mp3data;
    }
    protected function readmp3frame()
    {
        $iscbrmp3=true;
        if ($this->startswithid3())
            $this->skipid3tag();
        else if ($this->containsvbrxing())
        {
            $this->mp3data['Encoding'] = 'VBR';
            $iscbrmp3=false;
        }
        else if ($this->startswithpk())
        {
            $this->mp3data['Encoding'] = 'Unknown';
            $iscbrmp3=false;
        }
   
        if ($iscbrmp3)
        {
            $i = 0;
            $max=5000;
            //look in 5000 bytes...
            //the largest framesize is 4609bytes(256kbps@8000Hz  mp3)
            for($i=0; $i<$max; $i++)
            {
                //looking for 1111 1111 111 (frame synchronization bits)                
                if ($this->getnextbyte()==0xFF)
                    if ($this->getnextbit() && $this->getnextbit() && $this->getnextbit())
                        break;
            }
            if ($i==$max)
                $iscbrmp3=false;
        }
   
        if ($iscbrmp3)
        {
            $this->mp3data['Encoding'         ] = 'CBR';
            $this->mp3data['MPEG version'     ] = $this->getnextbits(2);
            $this->mp3data['Layer Description'] = $this->getnextbits(2);
            $this->mp3data['Protection Bit'   ] = $this->getnextbits(1);
            $this->mp3data['Bitrate Index'    ] = $this->getnextbits(4);
            $this->mp3data['Sampling Freq Idx'] = $this->getnextbits(2);
            $this->mp3data['Padding Bit'      ] = $this->getnextbits(1);
            $this->mp3data['Private Bit'      ] = $this->getnextbits(1);
            $this->mp3data['Channel Mode'     ] = $this->getnextbits(2);
            $this->mp3data['Mode Extension'   ] = $this->getnextbits(2);
            $this->mp3data['Copyright'        ] = $this->getnextbits(1);
            $this->mp3data['Original Media'   ] = $this->getnextbits(1);
            $this->mp3data['Emphasis'         ] = $this->getnextbits(1);
            $this->mp3data['Bitrate'          ] = mp3file::bitratelookup($this->mp3data);
            $this->mp3data['Sampling Rate'    ] = mp3file::samplelookup($this->mp3data);
            $this->mp3data['Frame Size'       ] = mp3file::getframesize($this->mp3data);
            $this->mp3data['Length'           ] = mp3file::getduration($this->mp3data,$this->tell2());
            $this->mp3data['Length mm:ss'     ] = mp3file::seconds_to_mmss($this->mp3data['Length']);
           
            if ($this->mp3data['Bitrate'      ]=='bad'     ||
                $this->mp3data['Bitrate'      ]=='free'    ||
                $this->mp3data['Sampling Rate']=='unknown' ||
                $this->mp3data['Frame Size'   ]=='unknown' ||
                $this->mp3data['Length'     ]=='unknown')
            $this->mp3data = array('Filesize'=>$this->mp3data['Filesize'], 'Encoding'=>'Unknown');
        }
        else
        {
            if(!isset($this->mp3data['Encoding']))
                $this->mp3data['Encoding'] = 'Unknown';
        }
    }
    protected function tell()
    {
        return ftell($this->fd);
    }
    protected function tell2()
    {
        return ftell($this->fd)-$this->blockmax +$this->blockpos-1;
    }
    protected function startswithid3()
    {
        return ($this->block[1]==73 && //I
                $this->block[2]==68 && //D
                $this->block[3]==51);  //3
    }
    protected function startswithpk()
    {
        return ($this->block[1]==80 && //P
                $this->block[2]==75);  //K
    }
    protected function containsvbrxing()
    {
        //echo "<!--".$this->block[37]." ".$this->block[38]."-->";
        //echo "<!--".$this->block[39]." ".$this->block[40]."-->";
        return(
               ($this->block[37]==88  && //X 0x58
                $this->block[38]==105 && //i 0x69
                $this->block[39]==110 && //n 0x6E
                $this->block[40]==103)   //g 0x67
/*               ||
               ($this->block[21]==88  && //X 0x58
                $this->block[22]==105 && //i 0x69
                $this->block[23]==110 && //n 0x6E
                $this->block[24]==103)   //g 0x67*/
              );  

    }
    protected function debugbytes()
    {
        for($j=0; $j<10; $j++)
        {
            for($i=0; $i<8; $i++)
            {
                if ($i==4) echo " ";
                echo $this->getnextbit();
            }
            echo "<BR>";
        }
    }
    protected function prefetchblock()
    {
        $block = fread($this->fd, $this->blockmax);
        $this->blocksize = strlen($block);
        $this->block = unpack("C*", $block);
        $this->blockpos=0;
    }
    protected function skipid3tag()
    {
        $bits=$this->getnextbits(24);//ID3
        $bits.=$this->getnextbits(24);//v.v flags

        //3 bytes 1 version byte 2 byte flags
        $arr = array();
        $arr['ID3v2 Major version'] = bindec(substr($bits,24,8));
        $arr['ID3v2 Minor version'] = bindec(substr($bits,32,8));
        $arr['ID3v2 flags'        ] = bindec(substr($bits,40,8));
        if (substr($bits,40,1)) $arr['Unsynchronisation']=true;
        if (substr($bits,41,1)) $arr['Extended header']=true;
        if (substr($bits,42,1)) $arr['Experimental indicator']=true;
        if (substr($bits,43,1)) $arr['Footer present']=true;

        $size = "";
        for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
        {
            $this->getnextbit();//skip this bit, should be 0
            $size.= $this->getnextbits(7);
        }

        $arr['ID3v2 Tags Size']=bindec($size);//now the size is in bytes;
        if ($arr['ID3v2 Tags Size'] - $this->blockmax>0)
        {
            fseek($this->fd, $arr['ID3v2 Tags Size']+10 );
            $this->prefetchblock();
            if (isset($arr['Footer present']) && $arr['Footer present'])
            {
                for($i=0; $i<10; $i++)
                    $this->getnextbyte();//10 footer bytes
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for($i=0; $i<$arr['ID3v2 Tags Size']; $i++)
                $this->getnextbyte();
        }
    }

    protected function getnextbit()
    {
        if ($this->bitpos==8)
            return false;

        $b=0;
        $whichbit = 7-$this->bitpos;
        $mult = $this->powarr[$whichbit]; //$mult = pow(2,7-$this->pos);
        $b = $this->block[$this->blockpos+1] & $mult;
        $b = $b >> $whichbit;
        $this->bitpos++;

        if ($this->bitpos==8)
        {
            $this->blockpos++;
               
            if ($this->blockpos==$this->blockmax) //end of block reached
            {
                $this->prefetchblock();
            }
            else if ($this->blockpos==$this->blocksize)
            {//end of short block reached (shorter than blockmax)
                return;//eof
            }
           
            $this->bitpos=0;
        }
        return $b;
    }
    protected function getnextbits($n=1)
    {
        $b="";
        for($i=0; $i<$n; $i++)
            $b.=$this->getnextbit();
        return $b;
    }
    protected function getnextbyte()
    {
        if ($this->blockpos>=$this->blocksize)
            return;

        $this->bitpos=0;
        $b=$this->block[$this->blockpos+1];
        $this->blockpos++;
        return $b;
    }
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static function is_layer1(&$mp3) { return ($mp3['Layer Description']=='11'); }
    public static function is_layer2(&$mp3) { return ($mp3['Layer Description']=='10'); }
    public static function is_layer3(&$mp3) { return ($mp3['Layer Description']=='01'); }
    public static function is_mpeg10(&$mp3)  { return ($mp3['MPEG version']=='11'); }
    public static function is_mpeg20(&$mp3)  { return ($mp3['MPEG version']=='10'); }
    public static function is_mpeg25(&$mp3)  { return ($mp3['MPEG version']=='00'); }
    public static function is_mpeg20or25(&$mp3)  { return ($mp3['MPEG version']{1}=='0'); }
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static function bitratelookup(&$mp3)
    {
        //bits               V1,L1  V1,L2  V1,L3  V2,L1  V2,L2&L3
        $array = array();
        $array['0000']=array('free','free','free','free','free');
        $array['0001']=array(  '32',  '32',  '32',  '32',   '8');
        $array['0010']=array(  '64',  '48',  '40',  '48',  '16');
        $array['0011']=array(  '96',  '56',  '48',  '56',  '24');
        $array['0100']=array( '128',  '64',  '56',  '64',  '32');
        $array['0101']=array( '160',  '80',  '64',  '80',  '40');
        $array['0110']=array( '192',  '96',  '80',  '96',  '48');
        $array['0111']=array( '224', '112',  '96', '112',  '56');
        $array['1000']=array( '256', '128', '112', '128',  '64');
        $array['1001']=array( '288', '160', '128', '144',  '80');
        $array['1010']=array( '320', '192', '160', '160',  '96');
        $array['1011']=array( '352', '224', '192', '176', '112');
        $array['1100']=array( '384', '256', '224', '192', '128');
        $array['1101']=array( '416', '320', '256', '224', '144');
        $array['1110']=array( '448', '384', '320', '256', '160');
        $array['1111']=array( 'bad', 'bad', 'bad', 'bad', 'bad');
       
        $whichcolumn=-1;
        if      (mp3file::is_mpeg10($mp3) && mp3file::is_layer1($mp3) )//V1,L1
            $whichcolumn=0;
        else if (mp3file::is_mpeg10($mp3) && mp3file::is_layer2($mp3) )//V1,L2
            $whichcolumn=1;
        else if (mp3file::is_mpeg10($mp3) && mp3file::is_layer3($mp3) )//V1,L3
            $whichcolumn=2;
        else if (mp3file::is_mpeg20or25($mp3) && mp3file::is_layer1($mp3) )//V2,L1
            $whichcolumn=3;
        else if (mp3file::is_mpeg20or25($mp3) && (mp3file::is_layer2($mp3) || mp3file::is_layer3($mp3)) )
            $whichcolumn=4;//V2,   L2||L3
       
        if (isset($array[$mp3['Bitrate Index']][$whichcolumn]))
            return $array[$mp3['Bitrate Index']][$whichcolumn];
        else
            return "bad";
    }
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static function samplelookup(&$mp3)
    {
        //bits               MPEG1   MPEG2   MPEG2.5
        $array = array();
        $array['00'] =array('44100','22050','11025');
        $array['01'] =array('48000','24000','12000');
        $array['10'] =array('32000','16000','8000');
        $array['11'] =array('res','res','res');
       
        $whichcolumn=-1;
        if      (mp3file::is_mpeg10($mp3))
            $whichcolumn=0;
        else if (mp3file::is_mpeg20($mp3))
            $whichcolumn=1;
        else if (mp3file::is_mpeg25($mp3))
            $whichcolumn=2;
       
        if (isset($array[$mp3['Sampling Freq Idx']][$whichcolumn]))
            return $array[$mp3['Sampling Freq Idx']][$whichcolumn];
        else
            return 'unknown';
    }
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static function getframesize(&$mp3)
    {
        if ($mp3['Sampling Rate']>0)
        {
            return  ceil((144 * $mp3['Bitrate']*1000)/$mp3['Sampling Rate']) + $mp3['Padding Bit'];
        }
        return 'unknown';
    }
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static function getduration(&$mp3,$startat)
    {
        if ($mp3['Bitrate']>0)
        {
            $KBps = ($mp3['Bitrate']*1000)/8;
            $datasize = ($mp3['Filesize'] - ($startat/8));
            $length = $datasize / $KBps;
            return sprintf("%d", $length);
        }
        return "unknown";
    }
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    public static function seconds_to_mmss($duration)
    {
        return sprintf("%d:%02d", ($duration /60), $duration %60 );
    }
}
?>

 

Tags: php
 
Mahdi on May 20th, 2009 4:50 am said:
Tanx alot it camein very handy
 

Angus on Nov 30th, 2009 12:18 am said:
Great class, just what I was looking for Thank you.
 

Shapu on Jan 14th, 2010 10:14 am said:
Very usefull Thanks alot !!
 

Barry Carlyon on Feb 17th, 2010 7:40 am said:
Saves using the massive mp3 id3tag library I currently use for getting and setting tags. Especially when all I'm after is the mp3 length...
 

Sakumi on Mar 13th, 2010 7:08 am said:
This works fantastic for *most* MP3 files. The exception being files created with Sound Forge. It doesn't seem to detect the ID3v2 header on those files and retrieves no information. I would assume Sound Forge does something funky. If I manage a fix, I'll post it here. If you would like a sample MP3 to test, feel free to email me at the address provided. Cheers!
 

Ravi on Jul 17th, 2010 6:38 am said:
Hey Great work! Thanks for sharing.
 

enigma on Jul 27th, 2010 8:26 am said:
Great job! I ask how can i get full duration (hh:ii:ss) from getduration function?
 

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